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Jan van de Cappelle (or Joannes / van der / Capelle in various combinations; 25 January 1626 (baptized) – 22 December 1679 (buried))〔"Capelle", which he sometimes used himself, is also found. His signatures may also use "Capel" and "Joannes". MacLaren, 73〕 was a Dutch Golden Age painter of seascapes and winter landscapes, also notable as an industrialist and art collector. He is "now considered the outstanding marine painter of 17th century Holland".〔Grove〕 He lived all his life in Amsterdam, and as well as working as an artist spent much, or most,〔In 1666 he gave his occupation to a notary as "dyer". 〕 of his time helping to manage his father Franchoy's large dyeworks, which specialized in the expensive dye carmine, and which he eventually inherited in 1674. Presumably because of this dual career, there are fewer than 150 surviving paintings,〔 a relatively small number for the industrious painters of the Dutch Golden Age. His marine paintings usually show estuary or river scenes rather than the open sea, and the water is always very calm, allowing it to act as a mirror reflecting the cloud formations above; this effect was Cappelle's speciality. ==Life== His father (1594–1674) was a cloth-dyer, his mother came from Rotterdam; they married in 1622 in Amsterdam. Joannes' baptism is recorded in the Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam on January 25, 1626.〔Jeroen Giltay en Jan Kelch, Lof der Zeevaart, de Hollandse zeeschilders van de 17de eeuw (Rotterdam, 1996), pp. 187; Birthcertificate Amsterdam City Archive ()〕 He was described (by Gerbrand van den Eeckhout) as a self-taught artist, but probably received some form of training from Simon de Vlieger, whose style he copied or is closest to his early paintings, and perhaps other masters such as Willem van de Velde the Elder. He received the citizenship of Amsterdam on 24 July 1653, an essentially honorific ceremony for one of the city elite.〔MacLaren, 73, Grove.〕 A few months before, on February 2, 1653, he had married Annetje Jansdr. Grotingh, the daughter of a bricklayer. Van de Cappelle was a very wealthy man who never needed to rely on his painting for his livelihood,〔 and it is not known if he joined the city's Guild of Saint Luke, or the separate "brotherhood of painters" founded in 1653.〔Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: 1650, hard-won unity Door Willem Frijhoff,Marijke Spies ()〕 Whether he sold his work, or how he did so, is unclear. Abraham Bredius suggested Van de Cappelle was a friend of Rembrandt,〔Bredius, A. (1892) De schilder Johannes van de Capelle, p. 29. In: Oud-Holland 10., see also Michel 62 and most writers〕 at whose insolvency sales in 1656 and 1658 he was a large buyer, and who painted portraits of him and his wife. It has been speculated that he may have used his business contacts to help obtain the commission for Rembrandt's last, and financially very useful, group portrait commission, the Syndics of the Drapers' Guild of 1662.〔Michel, 156〕 His earliest dated painting is an important and already highly accomplished one from 1645, and only one is dated in the 1660s.〔MacLaren, pp. 74, 76; this is NG 966, where the last digit is unreadable. Another painting, possibly not authentic, is said to have a date of 1671 or 1675.〕 From this most authors assume he devoted his later years to his business, in which his brother Franchois also worked. In May 1661 he bought a house in the Koestraat,〔(View on Koestraat )〕 near Nieuwmarkt, moving from the even more expensive Keizersgracht.〔(View on Keizersgracht )〕〔The purchase of the house is surprising. Liedtke suggests it had to do with the distance to the dye works. Liedtke, W. (2008) Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, p. 120. Yale University Press. New Haven and London.〕 The house with a garden, next to a school, was sold by a son of Sweelinck, and in the deed of purchase van de Cappelle is simply called ''schilder'' (painter) and not a master painter.〔Breen, J.C. (1913) De woning van Jan van der Heyden in de Koestraat met eenige bijzonderheden uit de geschiedenis deezer straat. In: Yearbook Amstelodamum, p. 111. Being a "Mr schilder" would mean he was admissioned as a master in the painters guild.〕 His wife predeceased him in 1677, and van de Cappelle himself was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk on December 22, 1679. He left seven children.〔Grove and MacLaren〕 The inventory of his property at death has survived and is the main source of information about his impressive art collection. It took seven months to list all.〔After the death of his son, also called Jan, his share of the collection was dispersed. One large sale was on the 6th, 7th and 8th of November 1709. See ''Dutch drawings in the Pierpont Morgan Library, Volume 1''; Dudok van Heel, S.A.C. (1975) Honderdvijftig advertenties van kunstverkopingen uit veertig jaargangen van de Amsterdamsech Courant 1672-1711, p. 171. In: Yearbook Amstelodamum.〕 He left his children six houses, a country house south of Loenen on the river Vecht (Utrecht), a pleasure yacht, "44 bags of ducats", silk and bonds together valued at 92,720 guilders.〔Bredius, A. (1892) De schilder Johannes van de Capelle, p. 26-40. In: Oud-Holland 10. An English translation of his inventory is in: Russell, M. (1975). 〕 A lengthy list of the items from his splendid wardrobe was made, (note his violet stockings)〔Reprinted (here ) Inventory of clothes App II, Q, pp 348-9〕 as well as a list of his large and important art collection.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jan van de Cappelle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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